Heading to the TSO Star Wars: A New Hope Concert (1月/25/2019 @ 5:15pm)
12 weeks @ OSC (8月/03/2018 @ 3:38pm)
toronto (4月/23/2018 @ 10:31am)
is this the nexus? (6月/19/2017 @ 5:47pm)
![Escape! 24. Motor Nerous [sic] Cell W.M. (Celestron 44410) via Nikon Eclipse E200 (FEB/12/2019 @ 10:29pm)](images/histology/celestron/escape.jpg)
niagara falls (4月/30/2018 @ 1:47pm)
karen's eye (目) (1月/08/2006 @ 1:27pm)
character design (2011)
peace, 2011
toxic frog snowboard (5月/01/2009 @ 12:28am)
2011 @ 5:35pm " />
allan gardens 4月/??/2010
tsa green design poster (5月/13/2009 @ 1:29pm)
the mars volta a6c album cover (back) (5月/03/2014 @ 10:30pm)
the mars volta a6c album cover (front) (5月/03/2014 @ 10:30pm)
i took this miitomo screenshot on: (11月/15/2016 @ 1:54am)
Planarian Nervous System
.---------- Eyespot
/
\/ \/ /
\ / / ____
/\_/\/ |
/ | *\ |
>--/ /-\ \--< |
/ /---\ \ |---- Cephalization (Cerebral Ganglia)
>--| |-----| |--< |
\ \---/ / |
\ / \ / ___|
>--||---||--<
|| ||
>--||---||--<
|| ||
>--()---()--<
|| ||
>--||---||--<
|| ||
>--()---()--<
|| ||
>--||---||--<
|| ||
>--()---()--<
|| ||
>--||---||--<
|| ||
>--()---()--<
\\ //
>-||-||-<
|| ||
>-||-||-<
|| ||
>-||-||-<
|| ||
>-||-||-<
|| ||
|| ||
| |
| |
| |
glycine
O
||
N--C--C--O
lysine
O
||
N--C--C--O
|
|
|
C
|
C
|
C
|
C
|
N
aspartic acid
O
||
N--C--C--O
|
|
|
C
|
C===O
|
O
glutamic acid
O
||
N--C--C--O
|
|
|
C
|
C
|
C===O
|
O
tyrosine
O
||
N--C--C--O
|
|
|
C
|
C---C
/ _ \
C (_) C
\ /
C---C
\
O
tryptophan
O
||
N--C--C--O
|
|
|
C
|
C===C
| \
| N
| /
C---C
/ _ \
C (_) C
\ /
C---C
_.-----._
_.-' '-._
/ \
/ \
| -----._ /
| \____/
\_____________/
\ / \ .-- sympathetic
'---' / / ganglia chain
| ) /
| / __/_
|| | |
___||
| || ? ()---------< lacrimal,sal
Cervical | || '--< ciliary body
| || ? ()------.
|___|| |
| || |--< sa node
| || |--< airways
| || |
| T1-4---()------'
| || T9-----<*adrenal
| || / medulla
| ||_ _ / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Thoracic | || /
| T5-9---()-----()--< stom,panc,liv
| ||
|T10-12--()-----()--< renal,intest
| ||
|___||
| L1+2---()-----()--< urine,excr
Lumbar | || . . .
| || /|\ /|\ /|\
|___|| |______| |
Sacral | || | |
|___|| ACh(*) NE
Coccygeal|___\/
_.-----._
_.-' '-._
/ \ ACh
/ \ |
| -----._ / |
| \____/ \|/
\_____________/ '
\ / \--------()--< ciliary body
'---' / ()--< lacrimal
| )-. ()--< salivary sublingual
| / | ()--< salivary
|| | cranial nerve X
___|| | (vagus nerve)
| || |----------< sinoatrial node
Cervical | || |----------< bronchiole constrict
| || |----------< gall bladder: constrict
|___|| |----------< stomach, pancreas
| || '----------< (peristalsis, etc)
| ||
| ||
| ||
| ||
| ||
| ||
Thoracic | ||
| ||
| ||
| ||
| ||
|___||
| ||
Lumbar | ||
| ||
|___||
Sacral | S2-4--------------< urine, excretion
|___||
Coccygeal|___\/
あ な た の 光
ト ロ ン ト か ら
\\ || || ||
| | \\|| || ||
| | | | || ||
| | | | || ||
| | _| |_||_||_
| |/ \
| / |
| | ___ |
--| | |----------------
| | |
--| | | .-----------
|____\_____| |'-.________
/ |____| '-.-----
| / '-._ \____
| __/ '-._\---
| _.-'\ \
| /\ /\ /\
| / /\ | \
| / / \
:/ /\ |
\ | |
\ /| |
|\ |
| \ /
| \ /
| '----------.___________/
| | | |
| | | |
-->ANH (atrial natriURETIC hormone)->inhibition of aldosterone
atrial stretch activates ANH/ANP release (high atrial bp)
diuretic
\ superior rectus (also: lateral, inferior, medial)
_ \
_'-._ ____________________________________\____________
'-._'-._ / _______________________________________________ \
'-._'-._ / / _____________________________________________ \ \
'-._'-._ / / / __________.---------' \ \*--- Sclera
_ '-._'-._ / / / _____________.-' \ \ \
_'-._ '-._'-./ \/ / Choroid Body ---*\ \
'-._'-._ '-.___/ / \/ \ \ \
'-._'-._ / /\ / \ \
'-._'-._ / \/ / \ \
_ '-._'-._ / / / \ \ .--- Schlemm Canal (Scleral Venous Sinus)
_'-._ '-._'-.__/__/__/ Ciliary Body ------* /\ \\_\ /
'-._'-._ '-._ /_______/___ / | \ \\ o -._
'-._'-._ /\/\ \ /______/ | \'-._ '-._
'-._'-._ / \ \__ | | | | | | '-._ \
'. '. / /\ \ | | | | | | \ \
/ __/ / / \ \_______/ | | | | | | \ \
/ / / / /\ \ / \ |/''\ | | | | |
/ / / / / \ \ / \| | | | |
/ / / / /\ ___ / \ |__| | |
\ \ \ \ | / \ \_| | |
\ \ \ \ | / \ |_| | |
\ \ \ / | | ||_| | |
\ \ \\ fovea centralis |-- macula | ||_| | |--- cornea
\ \ \\__ | | ||_| | |
\ \ \ \ | \ / |_| | |
\ \ \ \ __| \ / /_| | |
\ \ \ \ \ / | | | |
\ \ \ \ \ /| | | | |
\ \ \ \ vitreous humor |\__/ | | | * | |
\ \ \ | | | | | *| | / /*------- conjunctiva (epithelium)
|_______| | |
| | '-- aqueous humor
| |
| '-- iris
|
'-- suspensory ligament
_____ L H N N _____
\ \\ \\ // // /
Variable --\ \\ \\ // // /
Region \____ \\ \\ // // /
\ \\ \\ // // /
\ \\ \\ // // /---- Fab regions
\ \\ \\ // // / (Fragment antigen-binding,
\ \\-\\ //-// / contains variable epitope
\ \\ // / specificity)
\ \\ // ______/
| ||-|| |
| ||-|| |
| ||-|| |
Constant Region ---| ||-|| |
(Constant Light | || || |---- Fc region
+ Constant Heavy) | || || | (Fragment crystallizable—
| || || | crystallizes at low temperatures)
| || || |
| || || |
|______ || || ______|
H C
___
/ _ \----- Superior SSC
/ / \ \
_.-````` / / /
/ _.-```\ \ | | /
Posterior SSC ---/ / \ \| | / /------------------------- Vestibular Nerve
/ / ________\ | | / / _.-` /
Horizontal SSC ----/ .____ \| | / / _.-` /------- Cochlear Nerve
| | `-._____ \_| | / / / /
\ \___ \ \/ / _.-```````-._ |
`-._ `-._/ / / \ \
__________________ `-._ \___/ .-`````-. \ |
Ear Canal / / / / \ (j)\ / / _.-._ \ \|
\ / \ \ _ \ \ \ / / /
Tympanic -------\/ (j)--|_ \ \____/ / /
Membrane ,,.--\ \ __ \ .` /
_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_/__*___\ \_(__) `-.__.-` .`
| `-. .-`
| `-._________.-`
Cerumen
/\\
\ \\
/ \\
__ /___/ \
_.-` \ ______________________ \
Sphenoid Sinus -------/ _.` _.` \ \
( .-' _.o ST \ \ \
\_/_.-` _________/ \ \ \
Swollen Adenoid _.` \ \ \ \
(Pharyngeal Tonsil) ------- ( ) ) \ MT / \ \
|``-._.-` \____________________/ \ \ $ studied
Auditory (Eustachian) Passageway --------- o \ \ \ $ & $
| \ IT / __\ \ $ known $
| \______________________/ / ) $ carcinogens $
| \_____/ $ $
| ____________________________/| $ $.- \
| / ________________________ | | $ $.-` \
| / / \_| | $ $.-` effects of economics & business on society
| / / | | \ $ $ indications of poor stress management
| /|/ $ $ $ $ $ $ \|___)_________$$ psychosis: cancer is hard to get
Swollen Palatine Tonsil ----------/ \ /| )---------$
| \_/ __.-```````````````-._ |_| /
| ( )/ / /
| ( ( __________________// / /
| ( ( /
| /\ ( ------- Lingual Tonsil
| \ \ \/
| e \ \/
| | | \---------- Epiglottis
| | | l |
| v | | |
| / | |
| / v |
|/ |
| $ |
| |
| $ |
/\ /\
| \ $ / |
| \___/ |------- Thyroid Gland
| _____ |
| / \ |
\/ \/
| |
| |
olfactory bulb+nerves
(ethmoidal)
|\ ostium
/| | \ /
S / | | / / / Naso-lacrimal duct
____ T\ | | \/ / /
/ \ /\/ |s| / /o / l
/ M \M \ |e| \/ / / a
__ | S /\o\T \ |p| / /||\ / t
/ \ \___/ \ \_/ |t| / // \ o e
/\_c @ | I \ |a| \_// \ | r
Tympanic ---) \___/ o\T \ |l| `._.'/ a
Membrane `----.`-. / \_/ | | polyp / l
`-.`-.____\________/ \_______/
``------o (palatal) o---- Auditory (Eustachian) Passageway
/\ /\ /\ /\ /\ /\
| | \./ | \./ | |
| | | | | | |
\/ \_/|___|___|\_/ \/
CI LI K9 1st PM 2nd PM 1st M 2nd M (3rd M)
__________________________
_.' '._
_.-' '-._
_.-' (Parietal) '-._
_.-' '-._
/ T E L E N C E P H A L O N '.
/ \
/ (Frontal) \
/ _.---.____ \
/ _.-' '-.___ \
| / '-. \
| / _____________ \ (Occipital) \
| / /Diencephalon \ \ \
| \______/\\ (P)\__/ /
\ // .-------. \\ \ /
\ //_//'''\ ME\ \ME \__________ /
\_________________/__ / \ \ \\ __________ \ /
/ // ___ \ / || / \ \__________/
/ (_) / '' | \\/ \/_ \/_ \______
\(Temporal)| Pons | \\ \/_ \/_ / \_ \
\_________| | 4V \\/____/_______/____ \
\ | /'-------------\_ \_ /
\__ | // \_ \_ \ /\ / /
\ | //\ /\_ /\_ \______/
/ | // \ /\ /\ /
| M | || \________/
| O | ||
| | ||
\ | ||
\ | ||
| | ||
___________________
| Oligodendrocyte | Oligo(small/few) dendro(tree) glia(glue)
'-----------------'
form myelin
\/ \/
\ \/ /
\ _/__/ /_
>---/ \/ ,, /
>-( (o) )==-==-==-==-==-==-==-==-==-==-\\-==-<--- Multipolar Neuron
/\____/\ \\ \
/ / /\ / \\ ____
/\ /\ / \\/ \
\/ \/ attaches to myelin sheath | (o) | Oligodendroglia (question: role in Multiple Sclerosis myelin degradation?)
\ \/ / //\____/
\ _/__/ /_ //
>---/ \/ // /
>-( (o) )==-==-==-==-==-==-==-==-==-==-//-==-<--- Multipolar Neruon
/\____/\ `` \
/ / /\
/\ /\
空は黒いですから、
私たちは勉強する。
あなたの光はどこ？
山
人 人田 川
火 田田 川
人 肉 人田 川
豆腐 川
人 人 川
木 木 川 （目・見）緑
森森 川
木 木 川 （耳・聞・音）新・新聞
一口（豆腐）寸（寺・侍待時）人寸（付）肉（豆腐）
そうですか。。。
__________________
| _.'''._ _.'''._ _.'''._ _.'''._ _.'''._ _.'''._ | | _.'''._ _.'''._ _.'''._ _.'''._ _.'''._ _.'''._ _.'''._ _.'''._ _.'''._ _.'''._| |
|_' (o) '__' (o) '__' (o) '__' (o) '__' (o) '__' (o) '__ | | __' (o) '__' (o) '__' (o) '__' (o) '__' (o) '__' (o) '__' (o) '__' (o) '__' (o) '__' (o) | |
| '-.___.-''''-.___.-''''-.___.-''''-.___.-''''-.___.-''''-.___.-' \ | | / '-.___.-''''-.___.-''''-.___.-''''-.___.-''''-.___.-''''-.___.-''''-.___.-''''-.___.-''''-.___.-''''-.___.-| |
| _.'''._(o) _.'''._ (o)_.'''._(o) _.'''._ (o)_.'''._(o) _.'''._(o) || || (o)_.'''._(o) _.'''._ (o)_.'''._(o) _.'''._ (o)_.'''._(o) _.'''._ (o)_.'''._(o) _.'''._ (o)_.'''._(o) _.'''._| |
|_' (o) '__' (o) '__' (o) '__' (o) '__' (o) '__' (o) '__/ | | \__' (o) '__' (o) '__' (o) '__' (o) '__' (o) '__' (o) '__' (o) '__' (o) '__' (o) '__' (o) | |
| '-.___.-''''-.___.-''''-.___.-''''-.___.-''''-.___.-''''-.___.-' \ | | / '-.___.-''''-.___.-''''-.___.-''''-.___.-''''-.___.-''''-.___.-''''-.___.-''''-.___.-''''-.___.-''''-.___.-| |
| _.'''._(o) _.'''._ (o)_.'''._(o) _.'''._ (o)_.'''._(o) _.'''._(o) || || (o)_.'''._(o) _.'''._ (o)_.'''._(o) _.'''._ (o)_.'''._(o) _.'''._ (o)_.'''._(o) _.'''._ (o)_.'''._(o) _.'''._| keratinized |
|_' (o) '__' (o) '__' (o) '__' (o) '__' (o) '__' (o) '__/ | | \__' (o) '__' (o) '__' (o) '__' (o) '__' (o) '__' (o) '__' (o) '__' (o) '__' (o) '__' (o) | |
| '-.___.-''''-.___.-''''-.___.-''''-.___.-''''-.___.-''''-.___.-' \ | | / '-.___.-''''-.___.-''''-.___.-''''-.___.-''''-.___.-''''-.___.-''''-.___.-''''-.___.-''''-.___.-''''-.___.-| |
| _.'''._(o) _.'''._ (o)_.'''._(o) _.'''._ (o)_.'''._(o) _.'''._(o) || || (o)_.'''._(o) _.'''._ (o)_.'''._(o) _.'''._ (o)_.'''._(o) _.'''._ (o)_.'''._(o) _.'''._ (o)_.'''._(o) _.'''._| |
|_' (o) '__' (o) '__' (o) '__' (o) '__' (o) '__' (o) '__/ | | \__' (o) '__' (o) '__' (o) '__' (o) '__' (o) '__' (o) '__' (o) '__' (o) '__' (o) '__' (o) | |
| '-.___.-' |'-.___.-' '-.___.-' '-.___.-' '-.___.-' '-.___.-'| \| |/ |'-.___.-' '-.___.-' '-.___.-' '-.___.-' '-.___.-'| '-.___.-' |'-.___.-' '-.___.-' '-.___.-' '-.___.-| _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) |(o)| |(o)| (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | |
|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|___| |___|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____| |------ epidermis
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) |(o)| |(o)| (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | |
|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|___| |___|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____| |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) |(o)| |(o)| (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | |
|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|___| |___|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____| |
| | | | ( ) | | / \ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (o) | (o) | (o) | (o)|| (o) | (o) | (o) / \ (o) | (o) | (o) |(o)| |(o)| (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | |
|____( )____|_____|____||_____|_____|____/ _____ \____|_____|_____|___| |___|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____| |
| || | | || | |(o)/ / \ \(o)| | | | | | | | | | | / \ | / | | | | | | | / |
| (o)|| (o) |_(o) | (o)|| (o) | (o) | / / * \ \ | (o) | (o) |(o)| |(o)| (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) |(o) / \(o) |(o) / | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) | (o) |(o)/ |
|____||_____( )___|____||_____|_____|_/ / * || \ \_|_____|_____|___| |___|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|___/ \___|___/ |_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|__/ |
| || || | || | / / \\__|| \ | | \ | / \ | / |
| (o)|| (o) ||(o) | (o)|| (o) | (o) / / ----\\ \ | | \(o)|(o)/ \(o)|(o)/ |
|____||_____||___( )___||_____|____/ | \\ | | | \__|__/ \__|__/ _________________|
\\ || // || | || | | | |
\\ || // // | ______// | | | |
\\ || // // | /.-----.\ | | | |
\\ |||| // | || \\ | ___| |______ .---------------. |
|| |||| // | || * | /.--| |-----.\ / .-------------. \ |
\\ |||| // | \\______ | || | | \\ / / .-----------. \ \ ___________________________ |
\\|| \\|| | '-----.\ | \\____________________ || | | | .---------. | | | _.-' ? ? ___ ? ? '-._ |
\ | //|| | * \\ | '-------------------.\ || | | | | .-----. | | | | __.-' \\ // --.\ \\ \\_// '-.__ |
\\//_// | \\ || | | | || || | | | | | .-. | | | | | / __||___ \\ // \\ // \ | \ |
\ / | \\_____// | | |__// || | | | | | | | | | | | | | ?-. .---? \\// \\// //\\ | |
| | | //-----' | ___| |--' || | | | | | | | | | | | | | \\ || || // \\ | |
| | | || | /.--| | || | | | | | | | | | | | | \ \\______||_________||_____|| \\ / |
| | | \\____ | || | | || | | | | | | | | | | | | '-._ '---..-------..----------.' ? _.-' |
| | \ '---.\ / \\____________________ || | | | | | | | | | | | | '-._ // || \\ _.-' |
| | \ || / '-------------------.\ || | | | | | | | | | | | | '----------||---------------' |
| | \ || / | | || || | | | | | | | | | | | | || couldn't find |
| | \ || / | |__// || | | | | | | | | | | | | || a good image... |
| | \__||_/ | |--' || | | | | | | | | | | | | || |
| | || ___| | || | | | | | | | | | | | | || |
| | || /.--| | || \ \ \ \ \| |/ / / / / || |------ dermis
| | || || | // | || \ \ \ \ | | / / / / || |
| | || \\_________// | || \ \ \ \| |/ / / / || |
| | || \ .-------.\ | || \ \ \ | | / / / || |
| | || \\| \\ | || \ \ \| |/ / / || |
| | || \\ | || \ \ | | / / || |
| | || \\ // | || \ \| |/ / || |
| | || |\\____// | || \ | | / || |
| | || | '----.\ | || || || || |
| | || | \\ | || || || || |
| | || / \ || || || || |
| | || / \ || | | || |
| | || / \ || | | || |
| | || | | || | | || |
| | || | | || | | || |
| | || | | || | | || |
| | || || | | || |
| | || || | | || |
| | || || | | || |
| | || || | | || |
| | || || | | || |
Merkel's Meissner's Follicle Pacinian Ruffini's _________________|
.-------.
|-------|
|-------|
|-------|
|-------|
|-------|
|-------|
|-------|
|-------|
|-------| .
|-------| /-\
|-------| |---|
|-------| /-----\
|-------| |-------|
|-------| outer segment |-------|
|-------| ------------- |-------|
|-------| - VIT A = retinol |-------|
|-------| VIT A -> retinal |-------|
|-------| - retinal (photo |-------| - r,g,b cones
|-------| reactive)+opsin |-------| = opsin str.
|-------| |-------| varies
|-------| - ion channels in |-------| - rod:cone =
|-------| plasma membrane |-------| ~150:6 million
|-------| |-------|
|-------| |-------|
|-------| |-------|
|-------| |-------|
|-------| |-------|
\_____/ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ \_____/
/ \ / \
| | inner segment | |
| | ------------- | |
| | - cell body | |
| | - nucleus | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
\ _ / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ \ _ /
//|| ||\\ //|| ||\\
// || || \\ synaptic endings // || || \\
// || || \\ ---------------- // || || \\
() || || () - inhibitory () || || ()
() () until ion () ()
channels close
in disks
__
/\
/
<--- Multiple taste pores on surface --->
/
\/_
________\__________________/_______
/| (o) |\
/ |________________| \
______/ / *------------------ taste pore
\ / /|||||/\|||||\ \ /
\ / ||||| ||||| \ /
_ _ _ _\| | | | | |/_ _ _ _
|| | | | | ||
. || | | | *---------------------- taste cell
. // | | | | \\ .
. || | | | | || .
(o) // / / \ \ \\ .
. ||(o)| | | | *---------------- supporting cell
. || | |(o) | | || (o)
. || |(o) | | |(o)|| .
|| _| | |(o) | || .
\\/ \ \ / / // .
||(o)| _ | | _ | ||
\\ \ \\ \ / // / //
_______\\___\_\\_\/_//_/__//_________
\\ //
\\// ct
\ \
\ \______________
\_______________*-------- nerve
____________________________________________________
/
/
/ ____
/ .------------------------------------- |
| / .----------------------------------- |
| / / .------------------------ |
| / / / .---------------------- |---- olfactory
| / / / / .----------- | tract
| / / / / / .--------- |
| / / / / / / ____|
| / \ / \ / \
| | (o) | | (o) | | (o) |
| \ / \ / \ /
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| / | \ / | \ / | \ *------------------ olfactory
| / | \ / | \ / | \ bulb
\ /|\ /|\ /|\ /|\ /|\ /|\ /|\ /|\ /|\
\
\ \/\/\/ \/ \/\/
\_ _ _ ||||||__________ ||_ _ _ _ _ _||||_ _ _ _ _ _
||||'----------.||| ||||
___________||||___________||||___________||||___________ ____
| |||||| |||||| |||||| | |
| |||||| |||||| |||||| | |---- ethmoid bone
| |||||| |||||| |||||| | | (cribriform
|_________||||||_________||||||_________||||||_________| ____| plate)
|||| |||| |||| | G. ethmos ‘a sieve’
|||| |||| |||| | L. cribrum ‘sieve’
|||| ||||_______ |||| |
// || ________||'-------.\ || \\ |
// || |.--------' \\ || \\ |---- ct
|| \\ || __ \\ || \\ |
|| \\|| /.-- \\ . \\ |
_________||_____\\_______________//_____\\______\\______ ____|
| || \\_______| || || || |
| || '------.| || || || |
| || || || || || || |
| / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ |
| |(o) | |(o) | |(o) | |(o) | |(o) | |(o) | |
| \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / |---- olfactory
| || || || || || || | epithelium
| (o) || (o) || (o) || (o) || (o) || (o) || (o) |
_/ \____/||\____/||\____/||\__*_/||\____/||\____/||\____ |
( ) ( ) ( ) | ( ) ( ) ( *) ____|
~5 cilia | |
| | |
| | |
\|/ | |
' | |
_____________________________ | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | *----| |
| | | | | | | |
| / \ / \ | supporting cell |
| / \ / \ | |
| | | | | | |
| | (o) | | (o)| | | |
| | | | *----------------------------|
| \ / \ / | |
| \ / \ / | olfactory cell
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
|(o) | | (o) | | (o)|
| / \ / \ |
| / \ / \ |
|___/| |\___/| |\___|
| \_____/ \_____/ |
| / /|\ \ / /|\ \ |
| / / | \ \ / / | \ \*----------------------- olfactory cilia
| x d c d |
| y z b |
| a |
| |
|___________________________|
parietal------------------------------------------------------.
| |
| frontal---------------------. |
| | | |
| .----------------| .------|------. |
|' - |'. .' | '. |
.'| - | '. .' | '. |
/ * - * \ / * \ |
/ - - --. | |. .| |
/ - \ | | \ / | |
| - \ \ | | -'''' ''''- | *--'
| _ - - - _-_ _ | .-'' |-/ .-'''. .'''-. \-|
|- - - -/-/ / |/-/ \ | / \-\*-.
| - - - / / | \ || | | | | | || |
\ - - --____-__/ \__\ .' .' \____/ /|\ \____/ '. |
\* -- ______/___ * /_ '* __. | | | .__ .' |
| - * o \\ /| \_|/ .' |\___/ | | | \___/ |
|\_-__|_ * _/| \__/ |* | \ | | |\ * '-'-' /| | |
| | '|-' | ||__|____\ | | | ||__________| | | |
| | | | |||||||||| | | \ ||||| | ||||| / | |
| | | | |||||||||| | | \|||||||||||||/ | |
| | | \ | | / | \ | / |
| | | \ * | | \ | '. | * .' |
| | | '|---|--|---' | '|-|--------' |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | zygomatic-----' | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | maxilla-----------------' | |
| | | | | |
| | | mandible----------------------' |
| | | |
| | mastoid process |
| | |
| temporal----------------------------------------------------'
|
occipital
________ ________
/ _______ thoracic _______ \
/ / vertebrae \ \
| | /\_____/\ | |
_\ \_______/ \_______/ /_
/ _\___1|___)manubrium(___|____/_ \
_\ \ \ / / /_
/ _\ \__________\_____/__________/ /_ \
_\ \ \_____2|____/ \____|______/ / /_
/ _\ \ | | / /_ \
_\ \ \ \__________| |__________/ / / /_
/ _\ \ \_____3|____) (____|______/ / /_ \
\ \ \ \ | b | / / / /
_\ \ \ \___________| o |___________/ / / /_
| _\ \ \_____4|_____) d (____|_______/ / /_ \
| | \ \ | y | / / / /
\ \ \ \_________.-') ('-._________/ / / /
_\ \ \_____5|___.-'| |'-.___|______/ / /_
| _\ \ _.') ('._ / /_ |
| | \ \_______.-' _ )_____( _ '-._______/ / / |
\ \ \____6|_ _.'. / \ * / \ .'._ _|_____/ / /
_\ \ \ '-' / \ \ \ '-' / / /_
| _\ \_______/ * .' V \ '. \_______/ /_ |
| | \____7|__. |/ . \ \ .__|_____/ | |
\ \ / | /|\ \ \ \ / /
|\ \______.' /| V \ \ '.______/ /|
| \___8|_ _/ | E \ \_ _|____/ |
| | / / | R \ \ \ | |
\ \___/ / | T \ \ \___/ /
|\_9| / | E \ \ |__/|
| | | | | B \ | | | |
\ \/ | | R \ | \/ /
|\_|/ 10 | A \ \|_/|
| \__ | E \ __/ |
\__/ 11 | \|/ \ \__/
12 | ' \
/ | '----- xiphoid process
posterior --' |
floating |
costal cartilage
.-------------.
.' '.
.' '.
/ \
|. .|
| \ / |
| | -'''' ''''- | |
| / .-'''. .'''-. \ |
|/ / \ | / \ \|
|| | | | | | ||
.' \____/ /|\ \____/ '.
'. __. | | | .__ .'
\___/ | | | \___/
| |\ '-'-' /| |
| | |___________| | |
| \ ||||| | ||||| / |
| \|||||||||||||/ |
\ /
'. .'
'-----------'
cervical
ポ
________ _________
/ _______ thoracic________ \
_________.---------.____.. ..____.---------._________
.'' _ _)____.---------.___ /\_____/\ ___.---------.____(_ _ ''.
( (____ \ .--. _\ \______\/ \/______/ /_ .--. / ____) )
.'''_ \/(_.- )_/ \___1|___)manubrium(___|____/_ \_( -._)\/ _'''.
/ / \ \ .-' _\ \ \ / / /_ '-. / / \ \
| | /'\| | / _\ \__________\_____/__________/ /_ \ | |/'\ | |
\ \ | _/ _\ \ \_____2|____/ \____|______/ / /_ \_ | / /
| | |/\ / _\ \ | | / /_ \ /\| | |
| | | \ _\ \ \ \__________| |__________/ / / /_ / | | |
| | | \ / _\ \ \_____3|____) (____|______/ / /_ \ / | | |
| | | |\ \ \ \ | b | / / / /| | | |
| | | |_\ \ \ \___________| o |___________/ / / /_| | | |
| | | _\ \ \_____4|_____) d (____|_______/ / /_ | | |
| | | | \ \ | y | / / / | | |
| | \ \ \ \_________.-') ('-._________/ / / / | |
| | _\ \ \_____5|___.-'| |'-.___|______/ / /_ | |
/ | | _\ \ _.') ('._ / /_ | | \
| d | | | \ \_______.-' _ )_____( _ '-._______/ / / | | |
| t | \ \ \____6|_ _.'. / \ x / \ .'._ _|_____/ / / | |
| | _\ \ \ '-' / \p/ \ '-' / / /_ | |
\ | | _\ \_______/ .' V '. \_______/ /_ | | /
| | | | \____7|__. / . \ .__|_____/ | | | |
| | \ \ / / /|\ \ \ / / | |
| | |\ \______.' / V \ '.______/ /| | |
| | | \___8|_ _/ E \_ _|____/ | | |
| | | | / / R \ \ | | | |
| | \ \___/ / T \ \___/ / | |
| | |\_9| / E \ |__/| | |
/ | | | | | B | | | | | \
// | \ \/ | R | \/ / | \\
// / \ \_ |\_|/ 10 A \|_/| _/ / \ \\
| |_ | \ | \__ |-__E__-| __/ | / | _| |
\__/_ | __/ \__/ 11 .__|-_____-|__. \__/ \__ | _\__/
\ |\_/ | 12 ( __| |__ ) | \_/| /
| |\_ | / ' |-_____-| ' | _/| |
| \ \ | posterior --' ___|-_____-|___ | / / |
| / | | floating (_ | | _) | | \ |
| | | | '-|-_____-|-' | | | |
| | | | /'''''''---. .._-|-_____-|-_.. .---'''''''\ | | | |
| \ | | | |'' \ \_ | | _/ / ''| | | | / |
| | / | | / .'._'-|_ _|-'_.'. \ | | \ | |
| | \ | \ / ''\ ''''' /'' \ / | / | |
| / | | \ _ | '-----' | _ / | | | |
| | || | \ / \| .--. _ _ .--. |/ \ / | || | |
| | || | |___ \ \ '--'_ _'--' / / ___| | || | |
| | | | .'' \ '---------'' |-| ''---------' / ''. | || | |
| | | | ' + \_________ \_ | | _/ _________/ + ' | | | |
| | | |__| / | \ \ | | / / | \ |__| | | |
| | | | _/ \ | ) _|-|_ ( | / \_ | | | |
| | | | /| \ .' / \ '. / |\ | | | |
| | | | / | \ .' .'\_____/'. '. / | \ | | | |
/ r \ |u| /\ \ ''' .' <_ _ _> '. ''' / /\ | | / \
|____|/__) |/ \______.' \ _ / '.______/ \| (__\|____|
___.--._ | \_/ | _.--.___
/s (__.(_)\ | V | /(_).__) \
(__/c / (__) | | (__) \ \__)
/tr/\ \ h \ | | / / /\ \
/'./_/\_/'--') | | ('--'\_/\_\.'\
/ /'\ /)\ \ \ | | / / /(\ /'\ \
/ / / / | | '. \ | | / .' | | \ \ \ \
=== / /| | | | === | | === | | | |\ \ ===
/ / / / | | | | \\ | | // | | | | \ \ \ \
=== === | | | | | == | | == | | | | | === ===
// / / === === | \\ | | // | === === \ \ \\
=== | | | | | == | | == | | | | | ===
/ / === === | \\| |// | === === \ \
=== | | | | | | | | | | | | ===
// === === | | | | === === \\
|| || | | | | || ||
'' | | | | ''
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
/ ___ \ / ___ \
/ / \ \ / / \ \
| / \ | | / \ |
|=\ + /===| |===\ + /=|
| \___/ | | \___/ |
.-''\_ _/ \_ _/''-.
\_ / \ / \ / \ _/
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | / \ / \ | |
| |/ \ / \| |
| / \ / \ |
| \ \ / / |
/ |\_______ \ / _______/| \
| / \_/ \_/ \ |
|'_/\____ \ / ____/\_'|
\_______| t /_ _\ |_______/
/ _ \____// | | \\____/ \
/ |c| .----' | | '----. \
''-\ / navi / \ \ /_''
| \ /''--.___/\ /\___.--''\ / |
\ |'''| l | i |m | | | | |'''| /
| |\ |\ |___/ | | \___| /| /| |
| || |\ '-\ /\__' '__/\ /-' /| || |
| || || | | | \ | | / | | | || || |
(_)| || | | | | | | | | | | || |(_)
| |(_)| | | | / | | \ | | | |(_)| |
|_|| |(_) (_) (__) (__) (_) (_)| ||_|
|_||_|| | | | | | | | | | | ||_||_|
O |_||_| | | |__| |__| | | |_||_| O
O |_| |_| | | | | |_| |_| O
O | | \ / \ / | | O
O '' '' O
_________________________________________________
| ____....’|
| ____....’’’’ ______ |
|-------....___....----‘’’’ / \|
|.......---‘ ‘---....____ \______/|
| \ ____..--.. ‘’’’....____ |
| \ \ | ‘’’’...._|
|\ \ \ / ____..| ... smooth
|/ \ ‘----‘ ____....----‘’’’ | - mononuclear
| _.-‘’----___...----‘’’’ / _______ | - unstriated
|.’ .-’’’\ ..--‘’ / \ | - irregular
| / * | __..’’ \_______/ | * visceral
| \_|___/ _......’’ | * blood vessels
|____|____/_____________________________________|
|
|
nucleus
_________________________________________________
| | | | | | | | | | | | I | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | I | | | | | |_|_|_|_| | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | I | | | | | / \ | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | I | | | | | | | | |
|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_| I | | | | | \_______/ | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |\I_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_| ... myocardium
| |_|_|_| | | | | | | | I | | | | | | | | | | | | - mononuclear
| / \ | | | | | | | I | | | | | | | | | | | | - branching
| | * | | | | | | | | I | | |_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|
| \_|___/ | | | | | | | I | |/
| | | | | | | | | | | | I_|/
|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|/*
| |
| |
nucleus intercalated disk
______
_____________________/______\____________________
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ... skeletal (voluntary)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - multinuclear (developmental fusion)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - striated (z-z, a&m)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|
\______/ \____*_/ __
| /\
| \
nucleus \
\____________________________________________________
/ | sliding filament model | |
/ ‘------------------------| Z = Z line |
/ | |
sarcoplasm \/_ | I = I band (a) |
| | A = A band (a&m) |
___________________|___________________ | |
| | | H zone = myosin |
| nucleus | |__________________|
| | | myofibrils sarcomere
| ____________|____________ | (100s-1k+) |
| _|_ ___|____ | | ___________|___________
__|____/_|_\ _____________/ __|___ \_|_|__________ | |
/__|____/ * \\ ____ _______/ * \__|_|__________ | |
// * __ |___// | |_______\______/__*_|______________________________________________
// __ / \ __ \\ <--| |SR--> * Z(I)A |H| A(I)Z
// / \\__// \ \\ | |R__________________|____________Z_________|_|_________Z___________
//__\__/_ _\__/__\\ <--| |SR--> *
||/ \ / \/ \ / \|| | |R__________________|__________ | |
||\__/_\__/\__/_\__/|| <--| |SR--> * | |
\\ / \ __ / \ // | |R__________________|__________ |_____________|
\\\__/ / \ \__/// <--| |SR--> * |
\\ \__/ // | |R_____________________________ |
\\__________// ____|*|_\________________/ \ A band
‘--------*-‘ *____|___\______________ \______/ ___
| | | \ \________/
|_______| | \
| | SR
| | sarcoplasmic
sarcolemma | reticulum (Ca2+)
|
T-tubule
nucleus
/ mitochondria
/ /
/ /
head middle tail (aka flagellum)
| | |
_____|__________|___________________________________|_________________________________________
| | | |
_..--‘’.
/ |\------------.
( * | | |---------------------------------------------------__________________
\_ / |/____________/---------------------------------------------------
/’--..’
/
acrosome
spermatogonium spermatocyte spermatid sperm
| | | |
| _________|________ _________|________ |
| | | | | |
| primary secondary early late |
|_______________|________________|_______________________|________________|___ |
| | | | | \ |
/| | | |__ | ___ |
/ | | | /* \ _|_ /../ _|_
/ | | .--*----. .-----> | (n) | - - - - - \*))---|-------- - - - \*))===---------
/ | | / ___ \ | \___/ \’’\
/ | | | / \ | | ‘’’
/ | | | | n | | -----| )
/ | | | \___/ | | ___ ___
| | | \ / | / \ ___ /../ ___
| | __|______ __’-------‘ ‘-----> | (n) | - - - - - \_))---|-------- - - - \_))===---------
| | / * \ /\ \___/ \’’\
| | / _____ \ / ‘’’
| | | / \ | / \
| | | | 2n | | |
| | | \_____/ | \ /
| | \ / \ ___ ___
| | \_________/ _\/ / \ ___ /../ ___
| | __ .-------. .-----> | (n) | - - - - - \_))---|-------- - - - \_))===---------
| ___|_____ /\ / ___ \ | \___/ \’’\
| / * \ / | / \ | | ‘’’
| / _____ \ / | | n | | -----| )
| | / \ | | \___/ | | ___ ___
| | | 2n | | \ / | / \ ___ /../ ___
| | \_____/ | ‘-------‘ ‘-----> | (n) | - - - - - \_))---|-------- - - - \_))===---------
| \ / \ \___/ \’’\
| \_________/ \ ‘’’ /\_____/
| _\/ \ ||
| _________ / .=. ___________________
| / \ ____________ / . \ / | |
| / _____ \ / \ sertoli cells / /_\ ‘ / lets go to the |
| | / \ | / sertoli \ “support and / ‘-‘ / . /__ epididymis! |
\ | | 2n | | | nucleus | nourish” / || __/ /_\ \________________/
\ | \_____/ | | | / \__/ ‘-‘
\ \ / \ / / ____ //
\ \_________/ \____________/ / \__/
\ /
\_______________________________________________________________________/ meanwhile, inside a seminiferous tubule...
きおく探して